This study highlights innovative approaches utilizing water as a green solvent in catalytic systems for sustainable organic transformations. Two heterogenous magnetic nanocatalysts, Fe₃O₄@Starch-Au and Fe₃O₄@HKUST-1 as well as one metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocatalyst, UIO-66/Sal-ZnCl₂, were developed. Characterization of the nanoparticles using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, VSM, and ICP techniques confirmed successful coating and stability. Diverse organic reactions were studied under the optimized conditions: Ullmann-type O-arylation of phenols and aryl tosylates to diaryl ethers,(1) hydration of terminal alkynes and nitriles to aryl ketones and amides,(2) azide-alkyne cycloaddition for 1,2,3-triazoles (3) and one-pot, three-component click reaction involving terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide to prepare 1,2,3-triazole heterocycles.(4) All systems emphasized water as a solvent, eliminating toxic reagents, organic solvents, and harsh conditions. The catalysts exhibited high efficiency, regioselectivity, magnetic recoverability, and underscoring their roles in eco-friendly protocols. These studies advance green chemistry by integrating aqueous media, recyclable nanocatalysts, and energy-efficient methodologies for scalable and environmentally benign synthesis. REFERENCES 1) S. A. Mousavi-Mashhadi, A. Shiri, On-Water and Efficient Ullmann-Type O-Arylation Cross-Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Tosylates in the Presence of Fe3O4@Starch-Au as Nanocatalyst, ChemistrySelect, 2021, 6, 3941-3951. 2) S. A. Mousavi Mashhadi, A. Shiri, Catalytic Hydration of Terminal Alkynes and Nitriles Without Reducing Reagents, Acidic Promoters, and Organic Solvent over Fe3O4@Starch-Au, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 2022, 19, 4523. 3) E. Arefi, A. Khojastehnezhad, A. Shiri, A Magnetic Copper Organic Framework Material as An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for The Synthesis of 1,2,3 Triazole Derivatives, Scientific Reports, 2021, 11, 20514. 4) M. Rezaie, A. Khojastehnezhad, A. Shiri, Post-Synthetic Modification of Zr-Based Metal-Organic Framework by Schiff Base Zinc Complex for Catalytic Applications in A Click Reaction, Scientific Reports, 2024, 14, 24644.

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