The surface morphology plays a crucial role in determining nanostructures’ physicochemical and biological properties. The study aimed to investigate the impact of the morphology type of zinc oxide coating on physi- cochemical and biological properties, specific surface area value, and Zn2 + ion release rate of the final nano- composites. The findings indicated that the ZnO coating layer on ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with mesoporous structure exhibited the most potent antibacterial attribute. In contrast, the ZnO layer in a dense shell form demonstrated the least effectiveness in antibacterial properties. This confirms the relation between increasing zinc ion release (27–125 mg.L 1) and activated surface area (42.83–54.37 m2.g 1) with antibacterial properties. Moreover, applying mesoporous silica as a secondary coating layer (average pore diameter of 15 nm) proved to be effective in optimizing the biocompatibility and antibacterial characteristics of the nanocomposite by regulating the Zn2+ ion release rate (125–59 mg.L 1) and enhancing of the specific surface area value (54.37–59.17 m2.g 1). In our perspective, a versatile combination can be attained for applications in the medical and food sectors through meticulous regulation of the dimensions and configuration of the silica structure’s pores as a supplementary biocompatible layer on the zinc’s mesoporous structure.

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