The expansion of trade and cultural relations and the existence of pilgrimage sites were among the reasons for the contacts between Iran and the Ottomans in the Qajar era. The geographical location of the Ottomans to reach Europe strengthened the relations between the two countries. This descriptive-historical study aims to analyze the causes of the migration of diseases along the borders of Iran and the Ottomans in the Qajar era. The findings show that the expansion of economic-trade relations, cultural exchanges, tourist and pilgrimage trips,and the transportation of corpses in the border cities of Iran and the Ottomans were the reasons for the migration of diseases in these regions. The lack of preparedness of governments to deal with the spread of diseases led to financial and human losses. Sanitary fences and the implementation of preventive rules by the two countries were among the methods of dealing with epidemics.

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