The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) threatens honeybee colonies, yet sustainable control strategies remain limited. This study examined the role of gut and reproductive tract microbiota in pheromone-mediated behaviors and larval aggregation. Antibiotic treatment significantly reduced microbial populations (larval gut bacteria from 12.5 to 6.7 log CFU; adult gut bacteria from 13.7 to 7.0 log CFU; larval gut fungi from 8.5 to 6.5 log CFU). Treated larvae showed markedly lower pheromone attraction (2 larvae at 30 min vs. 10 in controls) and reduced aggregation, forming mostly isolated individuals. These findings demonstrate that microbiota critically influence chemical communication and social behavior in G. mellonella. Manipulating microbial communities offers a novel, environmentally friendly strategy for integrated pest management and targeted biotechnological applications

Keywords