The widespread use of tetracycline (TC), a commonly prescribed antibiotic, has led to its frequent detection in aquatic environments, raising concerns over antimicrobial resistance and ecological risks. Traditional water treatment methods often fail to effectively remove such emerging contaminants. In this study, we developed a novel nanocomposite based on filamentous fungal biomass and MnO₂ nanoparticles to address this issue via two-step removal process. Fungal biomass offers a sustainable and low-cost biosorbent due to its rich surface functional groups, while MnO₂ nanoparticles enhance adsorption performance through high surface area and redox activity. In addition to biosorption, the composite also shows photocatalytic potential under UV light, allowing further degradation of residual TC. This research highlights the potential of bio-nanocomposites in antibiotic remediation and supports the development of green technologies for wastewater treatment.

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