An ant colony optimization algorithm for optimum design of symmetric hybrid laminates is described. The objective is simultaneous maximization of fundamental frequency and minimization of cost. Number of surface and core layers made of highstiffness and low-stiffness materials, respectively, and fiber orientations are the design variables. Optimal stacking sequences are given for hybrid raphite/epoxyglass/epoxy laminated plates with different aspect ratios and number of plies. The results obtained by ant colony optimization are compared to results obtained by a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The effectiveness of the hybridization concept for reducing the weight and keeping the fundamental frequency at a reasonable level is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed ant colony algorithm outperforms the two other heuristics.

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