Ecology of Iran is very favorable for geophytes. They have an important place in history of the country. Unfortunately this heritage has been neglected for many years. Geophytes (bulbs, tubers and rhizomatous plants) have a very important place in flora of Iran. Unfortunately, due to some reasons including inappropriate herbivory and overgrazing, land use change, illegal bulb and flower harvesting, road construction, mining activities, drought, etc. some ofthe bulbous species are at the risk of extinction in Iran. The family Iridaceae is an ornamental plant family in order of Asparagales and has taken its name from the genus Iris, the largest among the reported 85 genera. Members of the Iridaceae family are perennials with a bulb, corm or rhizome. The genus Iris L. contains about 260 species which are distributed in temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere, occurring mostly in Eurasia and North America. Some Iris species are found in wetland environments, however, most of the species occur in desert, semi-desert or dry, rocky habitats. Iris spuria subsp. Musulmanica is a rhizomatous herb growing wild in Iran, Turkish and, Ghafghaz. This species is important from ornamental and medicinal perspective and could be used as flowering pot plant, cut flower and landscape plant. Unfortunately, the scientific researches on this species are limited. Considering the narrow distribution of this species in Iran which is restricted to some localities in North Khorasan province, studying of its phenology, adaptability and propagation is the primary steps towards its conservation and commercialization. Its spectacular color (blue), height (>100 cm), number of flowers per plant (>10) narrow distribution and more significantly, the risk of gradual extinction were the factors triggered a comprehensive research with three phases. The first step includes assessing and recording its phenological stages in the habitats and also evaluating the potential threats of its survival. The second step deals with optimizing sexual (seed) and asexual propagation (rhizome) methods for its conservation. In the final step, its domestication is being evaluated considering the effects of minimum size rhizome for flowering, temperature (during growth), chilling requirements, planting date and nutrition.

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