In this article, a novel approach has been employed to identify structural damage in the wooden bridge structure by utilizing vibration data. This method encompasses the Fourier decomposition method that decompose the response of the bridge into a sequence of Fourier Intrinsic Band Functions (FIBF). These functions comprise the responses of the structure that contain inherent information of structure as well as noise from the vibrations. The time series modeling is utilized to extract damage-sensitive features. The residuals of the time series model of both undamaged and damaged structures are extracted for detecting any damage. To ascertain the presence of damage, supervised classification machine learning algorithms are employed. The algorithms are utilized consist of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), support vector machines (SVM), ensemble learning, and decision tree. The results indicate that the proposed method of feature extraction is highly effective and reliable in detecting damages. In addition, the capacity of decision tree and ANN algorithms to minimize type 2 error and enhance accuracy is demonstrated when evaluating different machine learning algorithms. The value of the type II error in the ANN model and the decision tree is equal to 13.85% and the accuracy of the model is 93.02%.

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