Bentonite, a versatile clay primarily composed of montmorillonite, beidellite, and cristobalite, has been utilized in Iran for centuries across various industries, including construction, drilling, and agriculture. Despite the country’s substantial bentonite reserves, particularly in regions such as southern Khorasan, Yazd, and Ghazvin, the industry faces significant challenges that hinder its development. This paper examines the key issues confronting the Iranian bentonite sector, including quality variability due to inconsistent mineral composition and contamination, extraction inefficiencies stemming from outdated mining techniques, and economic constraints exacerbated by international sanctions. Environmental concerns, such as land degradation and water resource management, further complicate the landscape. Additionally, fluctuating regulations and a lack of standardization create uncertainty for investors. However, opportunities for growth exist through investment in research and development, the implementation of sustainable practices, and the exploration of new markets. By addressing these challenges and leveraging its abundant resources, Iran can enhance its position in the global bentonite market, fostering economic development and innovation in this vital industry

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