Background: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most common doping 6 agents in the sports and AAS abusers may show different renal side effects. The 7 purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks testosterone enanthate 8 (TE) injection and resistance training (RT) on kidney in male Wistar rats. 9 Materials and methods: 28 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 10 groups; C: control, RT: resistance training, TE: testosterone enanthate, TE+RT. 11 Resistance training protocol consisted of climbing (5 reps/ 3 sets) a ladder for 8 12 weeks. TE and placebo (20 mg/kg BW, IM) were injected twice a week. At the end, 13 rats were euthanized and serum biochemical analysis and pathological examinations 14 of kidney tissue were conducted. 15 Results: serum creatinine concentration in RT group was significantly (p < 0.05) 16 higher than that in TE and TE+RT groups and mild hyperemia and congestion were 17 observed in all treatment groups. *b) Manuscript/Manuscrit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 Conclusion: Although, we showed 18 that 8 weeks consumption of TE (20 mg/kg) 19 accompanied with RT does not negatively affect renal function, but further studies 20 are necessary to obtain more detailed information. 21

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