Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important compound with pathogenic properties. LPS is considered a bacterial endotoxin, and the body induces widespread inflammation responses by stimulating the immune system through blood cells and synthesizing proinflammatory cytokines. After entering the circulation, these proinflammatory cytokines affect different body organs and induce systematic inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines also enter the brain through the periventricular hypothalamus (PeVH) and by affecting microglia and astrocytes; they stimulate the brain’s immune response. After the induction of systemic and central inflammation, the animal sickness behavior appears. In this review, we are going to investigate the peripheral and central effects of LPS-induced inflammation on different animal species.

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